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• Biocides
• Pharmaceutical
• Animal nutrition
• Nylon Fibres
• Textile
• Other |
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| Atomic Symbol |
I2 |
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| Atomic Weight |
126.90 |
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| Properties |
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| Melting Point |
113.36°C
236.5°F |
| Boiling Point |
184°C |
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363°F |
| Specific Gravity |
solid 4.98 |
| Vapor Density, air =
1 |
9 |
| Heat of Fusion, cal/g |
14.85 |
| Heat of Sublimation,
cal/g |
56.94 |
| Heat of Vaporization,
cal/g |
39.28 |
Vapor Pressure,
Mm Hg at 0°C
Mm Hg at 25°C
Mm Hg at 50°C
Mm Hg at 113.6°C |
0.03
0.31
2.14
90.5 |
| Dielectric Constant at
23°C |
10.3 |
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| Appearance |
Heavy, grayish-black
beads with a metallic luster and sharp, halogen odor.
Readily sublimes to a violet vapor. Non-combustible. |
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| Corrosiveness |
| Corrosive. Refer to separate
data sheet for corrosion resisting materials. |
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| Solubility |
| Iodine is only slightly
soluble in water, but very soluble in many common organic
solvents and aqueous iodine solutions. |
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| Reactivity |
| Iodine is chemically
active like chlorine and bromine, but its reactions are
usually less violent. |
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| Specifications |
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Guarantee |
Typical |
| Iodine |
99.5% min. |
99.8% |
| Chloride & Bromide |
0.05% max. |
0.0022% |
| Sulfate |
0.005% max. |
0.001% |
| Nonyolatiele residue |
0.05% max. |
0.004% |
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| Packaging |
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Fiber drums holding 50 or
100 pounds net weight, or 50 kilograms (110.23 pounds)
net weight and shipped as Chemicals, NOI. The drum contains
two bags. The inner bag is made of polyvinylidene chloride,
which is highly impermeable to iodine vapors, and the
outer bag is polyethylene, which strengthens the package.
It is also available in 30 pound pails with the same
liners. The drum and pail conform to DOT specifications
21-C-115. The drum and liners weight 3.3 pounds. The
pail and liner weigh 1.5 pounds.
Drums can be palletized
in two layers of 12 drums each, that is, 24 drums per
pallet. Shipments are made in truckloads or LTL quantities
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| Applications |
Sanitation
and cleaning compound manufacturers use iodine to make
disinfectants such as iodophors. These are iodine complexes
with surfactants that act as iodine carriers.
Pharmaceutical manufacturers make potassium iodide
expectorant compounds, x-ray contrast media compounds
and antiseptics.
Animal feed supplement producers manufacture iodine derivatives
used in animal feeds mainly to supply nutritional iodine,
and to prevent disease among cattle and poultry. The principle
derivatives for feed supplements are ethylene diamine
dihydroiodide (EDDI), calcium iodate and potassium iodide.
Nylon fiber producers use potassium iodide for tier cord
nylon. The potassium iodide reacts in situ with cupric
acetate to form cupric iodide, which acts as a heat stabilizer.
Dye and ink manufacturers use iodine to make aniline and
phthalein dyes, also for the super-bright colors of fluorescent
paints.
Photographic film manufacturers react potassium iodide
and a soluble silver compound to make silver iodide for
black and white film.
Other uses include the production
of iodized table salt and electric lamp bulbs, water purification,
swimming pool sanitizing and making silver iodide for
cloud seeding. Manufacturers of laboratory reagents resublime
crude iodine. Sodium iodate and potassium iodate are replacing
some sodium chromate as an oxidizing agent of sulfur dyes
in the dyeing of cotton. |
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| Health
Hazards |
Acute
Toxicity tests of Iodine an animals has been reported
by an independent laboratory. On the basis of local effects
identified by these animal studies, iodine is classified
as extremely irritating (corrosive) to the eyes and severely
irritating (but not corrosive) to the skin.
In addition, the systemic toxicity for three exposure
routes has been determined. The dermal LD50 (median lethal
dose) values are estimated to be in toxic classification.
Oral and inhalation LD50 values identify iodine as being
slightly toxic.
The publication Occupational
Health and Safety, Volume I, International Labour Office,
Geneva, 1971, says the following: "Iodine vapour,
even in low concentrations, is extremely irritating to
the respiratory tract, eyes, and to a lesser extent, the
skin. Concentrations as low as 0.1 ppm in the air…may
cause some eye irritation upon prolonged exposure. Concentrations
higher that 0.1 ppm cause increasingly severe eye irritation
along with irritation of the respiratory tract and, ultimately,
pulmonary edema…" |
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| Handling
& Storage |
Woodward
Iodine prills flow freely and are packaged in drums that
permit fast and easy pouring. Keep drums closed when not
in use. Replace the lids of all partly empties drums.
Store drums in a cool dry area with no drastic
temperature fluctuations, away from direct sunlight.
Although iodine itself is nonflammable,
it is strongly oxidizing and some combustible materials
may ignite on contact. Iodine reacts with many substances.
Keep it away from combustible or reactive materials.
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